Ageing is a process that involves irreversible changes that make a person more sensitive to internal and external stimuli, leading to increased oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, and organ damage. Ageing increases the susceptibility to developing various diseases. Resveratrol is a naturally occurring polyphenol. It is naturally present in Polygonum cuspidatum, peanuts and grapes1. Resveratrol is reported to protect against ageing and associated diseases.
Sir2 encodes a deacetylase, which is well-studied in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Drosophila melanogaster in terms of increasing lifespan. Resveratrol is an inducer of Sir2 deacetylase. Which ultimately leads to a longer lifespan in yeast, work and fruit flies2,3. A study reported that resveratrol inhibits cAMP-degrading phosphodiesterases, which leads to elevated cAMP levels. Additionally, resveratrol was found to be equally effective in inhibiting phosphodiesterases to that of rolipram. Phosphodiesterase inhibition by resveratrol protects against diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance in a mouse model4. Bone loss is another hallmark of ageing. In a study, it was observed that resveratrol supplementation significantly increased bone volume, cortical thickness, and bone trabecular number in ageing mice compared to control5. Aging is also associated with vascular structural and functional changes. A study observed that resveratrol treatment reduces fibrosis, inflammation, and aorta media thickness in ageing mice. Additionally, resveratrol supplementation increases the expression of AMPK, SIRT1, and superoxide dismutase 1 & 2. Meanwhile, serum angiotensin II and ACE expression levels were significantly reduced after resveratrol treatment6.
In conclusion, resveratrol supplementation could be beneficial in ameliorating the signs of ageing by reducing bone loss, fibrosis and inflammation.
References
(1) Tian, B.; Liu, J. Resveratrol: A Review of Plant Sources, Synthesis, Stability, Modification and Food Application. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. John Wiley and Sons Ltd March 15, 2020, pp 1392–1404. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.10152.
(2) Wood, J. G.; Regina, B.; Lavu, S.; Hewitz, K.; Helfand, S. L.; Tatar, M.; Sinclair, D. Sirtuin Activators Mimic Caloric Restriction and Delay Ageing in Metazoans. Nature 2004, 430 (7000), 686–689. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02789.
(3) Stelter, P.; Ulrich, H. D. Control of Spontaneous and Damage-Induced Mutagenesis by SUMO and Ubiquitin Conjugation. Nature. September 11, 2003, pp 188–191. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01965.
(4) Park, S. J.; Ahmad, F.; Philp, A.; Baar, K.; Williams, T.; Luo, H.; Ke, H.; Rehmann, H.; Taussig, R.; Brown, A. L.; Kim, M. K.; Beaven, M. A.; Burgin, A. B.; Manganiello, V.; Chung, J. H. Resveratrol Ameliorates Aging-Related Metabolic Phenotypes by Inhibiting CAMP Phosphodiesterases. Cell 2012, 148 (3), 421–433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2012.01.017.
(5) Tresguerres, I. F.; Tamimi, F.; Eimar, H.; Barralet, J.; Torres, J.; Blanco, L.; Tresguerres, J. A. F. Resveratrol As Anti-Aging Therapy for Age-Related Bone Loss. Rejuvenation Res 2014, 17 (5), 439–445. https://doi.org/10.1089/rej.2014.1551.
(6) Kim, E. N.; Kim, M. Y.; Lim, J. H.; Kim, Y.; Shin, S. J.; Park, C. W.; Kim, Y. S.; Chang, Y. S.; Yoon, H. E.; Choi, B. S. The Protective Effect of Resveratrol on Vascular Aging by Modulation of the Renin–Angiotensin System. Atherosclerosis 2018, 270, 123–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.01.043.
